COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WITH THE CORRECT QUESTION WORDS FROM THE LIST BESIDE

1.-----WHAT--------------nationality  are they ? They’re English .            
     2.-------------------is he ? He is 20 years old                        
  3.-----------------does she go running ? Three times a week.                             
    4.--------------------time does the school usually start?     
    5. --------------- do your new traners cost ?About £100. 
   6. ---------are you so happy ?Because  I’ve passed my exam.                                                                    7. ---------------do you go to work? By car.                          
  8. -----------------do you do your homework?In my bedroom. 
 9. --------------is going to help you ? My friend Jenny.           
 10. ------------ do you go to the cinema ? Every Wednesday. 
11. --------------car are you going to buy ?The Audi or the Ford ?                                                              12. -----------does your Mum look like ?She’s tall and slim. 
 13 -------------bedroom do you want to redecorate ? Mine 
 14.------------------money do you need to buy your house ? About £200 000                                             15.------------are you going in summer ? To Brittany.      
  16. -------------don’t you want to go to the restaurant ? Because  I feel a little sick.                                   17. --------------was Barack Obama when he was elected for the first time ? I don’t know.                     18. ------------took the car yesterday evening ? I did.    
 19 .-------------is her favourite dish ? Fish and chips.                                                       
  20.----------------brothers and sisters have you got ? Two brothers and one sister.                                      21. ---------------is he so angry ? Because he has lost his mobile  .                                                            22. -------------has Mum gone ? To the supermarket.             
 23.------------‘s her name ? Sandy.                                          
 24.--------is the class going on a trip to England ? Next week.                                                                   25. ----------------are you meeting tomorrow ? My boss.         
  26. --------------does he feel ? So excited after getting an interview for a new job !                                    27. --------------city do you prefer ? Paris or London ?                                                 
  28. --------------colour are Bill’s eyes ? Green,I think.      
 29. -------------do you go to the dentist’s ? Twice a year.    
30. --------------are you doing tonight ? Working.                 
 31.-----------------computer  was stolen ? My sister’s.                   
  32. -------------------is he ? Old enough to drive.                 

RAMESSES THE GREAT – 1303 to 1213 BC

  

Ramesses the Great was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.                        Also known as Ramesses II, he was one of Egypt's most celebrated warriors and is considered to be the greatest and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. Much renowned for his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he was also famous for leading several military expeditions into the Levant, reasserting Egyptian control over Canaan. Born into a family of non-royal origins, Ramesses was the son of Seti, who went on to become pharaoh of the New Kingdom Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. Appointed as Prince Regent by his father at the age of 14, Ramesses is believed to have taken the throne in 1279 BC and had the second longest reign in Egyptian history. He spent the early years of his reign engaged in extensive building programs and built several cities, temples and monuments. Over a period of time he also gained a reputation as a great warrior and led several expeditions to conquer territories that his father had been unable to conquer. Another one of his famous exploits was the victory over Sherden sea pirates who were wreaking havoc along Egypt's Mediterranean coast. The most famous of his military campaigns is the Battle of Kadesh which was probably the largest chariot battle ever fought, involving around 5,000–6,000 chariots.

Childhood & Early Life

• Ramesses II was born in c. 1303 BC to Seti I and Queen Tuya in ancient Egypt. Seti I, a pharaoh of the New Kingdom Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, was considered to be a brave warrior and a great king.
• Ramesses was groomed for succeeding his father from a young age. He was ranked as a captain of the army when he was just ten years old. Though it is obvious that his rank would have been honorific given his tender age, it is believed that he had started receiving military training by then.
• When Ramesses was 14, his father made him the Prince Regent. The young prince started accompanying his father on his military campaigns and had gained some experience of kingship and war by the time he reached his late teens.

Accession & Reign

• Seti I died in 1279 BC and Ramesses ascended to the throne. During the initial years of his reign he immersed himself in extensive building projects. He supervised the building of a large number of cities, temples and monuments. He also established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital.
• The young pharaoh matured into a brave warrior and led numerous campaigns to conquer those territories which his father had been unable to do so and secure Egypt’s borders.
• In 1274 BC, the Battle of Kadesh broke out between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II at the city of Kadesh on the Orontes River. It was a chariot battle fought with thousands of chariots. Ramesses' army crossed the Egyptian border and reached the area of Kadesh from the South.
• The pharaoh personally led several charges into the Hittite ranks together with his personal guard and using the superior maneuverability of their chariots, attacked the Hittite chariotry. The heavier Hittite chariots were easily overtaken and dispatched by the lighter, faster, Egyptian chariots.
• However, as the battle progressed, both the Egyptians and the Hittites suffered heavy casualties. The Egyptian army failed to break Kadesh's defenses while the Hittite army failed to defeat the Egyptians and gain a complete victory.
• The following years were marked with intermittent wars and hostility though neither army was able to register a definite victory. Finally Ramesses concluded a treaty of peace with the Hittites in 1258 BC, becoming the first king in history to sign a peace treaty with his enemies.
• Years of hostility between the warring armies ended and the two nations established friendly ties. The Egyptians and the Hittites regularly exchanged diplomatic letters and Ramesses contracted a marriage with the eldest daughter of the Hittite king in 1245 BC. It is also suggested that he married another Hittite princess at a later date.
• Peace mostly prevailed during the later years of Ramesses’ reign. There are some accounts which describe Ramesses’ undertaking large military actions against the Libyans, though no detailed accounts of such expeditions exist.
• Over the course of his long reign which spanned around 66 years, Ramesses fought great battles, brought peace, built great monuments across the empire, and maintained Egyptian borders. Egypt became a very prosperous nation during his reign and in the 30th year of his rule, Ramesses was ritually transformed into a god during the Sed festival

Major Battles

• The Battle of the Kadesh which was fought between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II was the battle Ramesses was most famous for. The battle, which is believed to be the largest chariot battle ever fought, involved around 5000-6000 chariots. The battle continued for years with neither of the armies achieving a definite victory and was finally concluded with a treaty of peace between the two armies.

Personal Life & Legacy

• Ramesses had several wives and concubines. His first and most favourite queen was Nefertari, who probably died comparatively early in the reign. She was very beautiful as well as intelligent. Highly educated, she was able to both read and write hieroglyphs, a very rare skill at the time.
• Some of his other queens were Isetnofret, Maathorneferure, Meritamen, Bintanath, Nebettawy, and Henutmire. In addition to his wives he had a large harem of concubines. Ramesses is believed to have fathered over a 100 children through his numerous wives and concubines.
• He lived a long life and reigned over his country for 66 years. He suffered from several health problems during his last years and died at the age of around 90 in 1213 BC. He was mummified upon his death and his mummy is now preserved in the Egyptian Museum at Cairo. Ramesses was succeeded by his son Merneptah.

Find the synonyms in the text

·         Disposed - well known - period of time – changed – agility – in person – founded – losses – antagonism – succeed – status – places of worship – chosen – discomfort – not vague - longevity – considered – irregular intervals – come of age – come to an end – women of lower status – tranquillity – immense – coach – opinion about someone – chaos

·          

True – False – No information

1 The names of six of his queens are mentioned in the text.

2 Nefertari was able to speak several languages.

3 Egypt flourished under the rule of Ramesses.

4 The Egyptians suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Kadesh.

5 The chariots of the Hittites were heavier and less agile?

6 Seti I did not have a good reputation.

7 Ramesses’s mother, Queen Tuya died when he was ten years old.

8 Ramesses had some health issues in later life.

9 There was continuous war between the Egyptians and the Hittites.

10 Later in life he married a Libyan princess and had a daughter.

11 Ramessess’s mummy is now kept in the Museum of London.

12 Modern Egyptians are proud of their ancient history.

13 Pi-Ramessess was the last capital city built by Ramesses.

14 The Sherden pirates were causing mayhem at sea, but were later defeated. 

A NEW APARTMENT

The Smith family lives in Pittsburgh. They have a small apartment there. It has two bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom. There are five members in the family: Mister and Missis Smith, a boy, a girl and a baby. Since the baby was born, the apartment is not big enough. The family needs a bigger one with three bedrooms. Mister Smith also wants a room where he can work. They are looking for an apartment in a calm neighborhood but near a supermarket, easy public transport and good schools.  They can afford 2000 $ rent.


Mister and Mrs. Winter have a nice big flat in Pittsburgh too. There are three bedrooms, a dining room, an entrance hall two bathrooms and a big kitchen. There is also a nice balcony. Unfortunately, the flat is very noisy because in the neighborhood there are lots of restaurants and discos and people make noise in the streets until late. They are looking for a flat in the suburbs. As their children don't live with them anymore, they don't need a very big flat.

True or false?

There are 5 people in the Floyd family.

They have 5 children.

Their apartment is too expensive.

They are looking for a bigger apartment.

They need two dining rooms.

There are two children in the Binchy family.

Their flat is nice.

They are looking for a flat with balcony. 

They are looking for a bigger flat.

Their flat is in a noisy neighborhood.

THE BLUE WHALE

Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals swim the oceans at up to 100 feet long and upwards of 200 tons. Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as a car.
Diet of Krill
Blue whales reach these mind-boggling dimensions on a diet composed nearly exclusively of tiny shrimplike animals called krill. During certain times of the year, a single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons of krill a day.
Blue whales are baleen whales, which means they have fringed plates of fingernail-like material, called baleen, attached to their upper jaws. The giant animals feed by first gulping an enormous mouthful of water, expanding the pleated skin on their throat and belly to take it in. Then the whale's massive tongue forces the water out through the thin, overlapping baleen plates. Thousands of krill are left behind—and then swallowed.
Colouring and Appearance
Blue whales look blue underwater, but on the surface their colouring is more a mottled blue-gray. Their underbellies take on a yellowish hue from the millions of microorganisms that take up residence in their skin. The blue whale has a broad, flat head and a long, tapered body that ends in wide, triangular flukes.
Vocalization and Behaviour
Blue whales live in all the world's oceans occasionally swimming in small groups but usually alone or in pairs. They often spend summers feeding in polar waters and undertake lengthy migrations towards the Equator as winter arrives.
These graceful swimmers cruise the ocean at more than five miles an hour, but accelerate to more than 20 miles an hour when they are agitated. Blue whales are among the loudest animals on the planet. They emit a series of pulses, groans, and moans, and it’s thought that, in good conditions, blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000 miles away. Scientists think they use these vocalizations not only to communicate, but, along with their excellent hearing, to sonar-navigate the lightless ocean depths.
Blue Whale Calves & Longevity 
Calves enter the world already ranking among the planet's largest creatures. After about a year inside its mother's womb, a baby blue whale emerges weighing up to 3 tons and stretching to 25 feet. It gorges on nothing but mother's milk and gains about 200 pounds every day for its first year.
Blue whales are among Earth's longest-lived animals. Scientists have discovered that by counting the layers of a deceased whale's waxlike earplugs, they can get a close estimate of the animal's age. The oldest blue whale found using this method was determined to be around 110 years old. Average lifespan is estimated at around 80 to 90 years.
Conservation
Aggressive hunting in the 1900s by whalers seeking whale oil drove them to the brink of extinction. Between 1900 and the mid-1960s, some 360,000 blue whales were slaughtered. They finally came under protection by the 1966 International Whaling Commission, but they've managed only a minor recovery since then.
Blue whales have few predators but are known to fall victim to attacks by sharks and killer whales, and many are injured or die each year from impacts with large ships. Plastic waste entering the world’s oceans is an additional serious threat to their survival, as this can be accidently eaten by the whale and results in slow starvation and death. Plastic is now getting into all forms of sea life, which is in turn consumed by human beings. Scientists are therefore urgently studying the negative effects that plastic is having on the oceans and our whole environment. A solution must be found quickly before it’s too late. 
TRUE – FALSE – NO INFORMATION? 
1) SCIENTISTS CAN APPROXIMATELY CALCULATE THE AGE OF A BLUE WHALE BY COUNTING THE LAYERS OF WAX IN ITS EARS. 
2) BLUE WHALES USE THEIR CALLS AND EXCELLENT HEARING TO CIRCUMNAVIGATE THE WORLD’S OCEANS. 
3) BLUE WHALES HAVE AN EXTREMELY VARIED DIET TO KEEP THEMSELVES HEALTHY. 
4) BLUE WHALES SWIM AT SPEEDS BETWEEN FIVE AND TWENTY MILES AN HOUR. 
5) A BABY BLUE WHALE INCREASES IN WEIGHT BY 200 POUNDS EVERY 24 HOURS UNTIL THE AGE OF 0NE YEAR. 
6) BLUE WHALES USUALLY SWIM IN GROUPS OF THREE OR FOUR FOR PROTECTION. 
7) BLUE WHALES CAN LIVE FOR OVER 100 YEARS.
8) AFTER A WHALE DIES, IT SINKS TO THE OCEAN FLOOR. 
9) SINCE 1966, BLUE WHALES HAVE BEEN PROTECTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION AND THEIR NUMBERS HAVE BEEN RESTORED TO PREVIOUS LEVELS. 
10) BLUE WHALES EAT MILLIONS OF KRILL WITH EACH MOUTHFUL OF WATER. 
11) BALEEN SEPARATES THE KRILL FROM THE WATER. 
12) BALEEN ALSO HELPS THE WHALE TO FLOAT WHILE IT IS SLEEPING. 
13) SOMETIMES SHIPS ARE BADLY DAMAGED AND SINK AFTER COLLIDING WITH A BLUE WHALE. 
14) 360,000 BLUE WHALES WERE KILLED IN SIXTY SIX YEARS. 
15) SINCE 2010, THE BLUE WHALE POPULATION HAS INCREASED BY SIX PER CENT. 
16) BLUE WHALES ARE SOMETIMES HURT AND KILLED BY SHIPS. 
17) BLUE WHALES CAN COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER UP TO 1000 MILES AWAY. 
18) ON AVERAGE, IT TAKES A WHALE TWO YEARS TO SWIM ACROSS THE WORLD’S OCEANS.
19) A BABY WHALE DRINKS MILK FOR UP TO FIVE OR SIX YEARS. 
20) A SINGLE ADULT MALE BLUE WHALE CAN EAT 28 TONS OF KRILL IN A WEEK. 
21) THE BLUE WHALE IS LARGER THAN THE BIGGEST DINOSAURS. 
22) A BABY BLUE WHALE TAKES 12 MONTHS TO DEVELOP BEFORE IT IS BORN.
23) SCIENTISTS ARE NOT CONCERNED ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF PLASTIC.